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Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling of Meki River Watershed Using SWAT Model in Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia

Received: 21 September 2021     Accepted: 12 October 2021     Published: 28 October 2021
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Abstract

Loss of soil fertility in agricultural lands and sedimentation in lakes of central rift valley of Ethiopia are major watershed problem threatening the agro economy in the area. To develop effective erosion control plans through implementing appropriate soil conservation practices, runoff and sediment yield in Meki watershed was estimated and analyzed using the SWAT model. The model showed the simulated mean annual surface runoff was 114.03mm and the mean annual streamflow was 9.41m3/s. Similarly, mean annual sediment load of 13.12 t/ha enters to Lake Ziway. The model was calibrated and validated on daily and monthly time step for flow and on monthly time step for sediment yield. The results of Nash Sutcliff Efficiency of 0.71 on daily and 0.89 on monthly time steps for streamflow and its value of 0.80 on monthly time step for sediment yield during calibration showed that there is a good match between measured and simulated data for both variables on daily basis and very good match on monthly basis. The potential erosion source areas were identified. Likewise, 51.34% of the watershed area was found to be potential erosion sources and priorized for erosion control plans.

Published in American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12
Page(s) 155-166
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Meki Watershed, Runoff, Sediment Yield, SWAT, SWAT-CUP

References
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[2] Gonfa Erena, Dereje Adeba. (2020): Modeling Sediment Yield-Case Study Guder Watershed, Blue Nile Basin, Central Ethiopia. American Journal of Civil Engineering. Vol. 9, No. 2, 2021, pp. 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20210902.12. (Cross reference).
[3] Lulseged Tamene. D. (2005). Reservoir siltation in Ethiopia: Causes, source areas, and management options. Ecology and Development Series No. 30.
[4] Temesgen Gashaw, Taffa Tulu and Mekuria Argaw, (2017): Erosion risk assessment for prioritization of conservation measures in Geleda watershed, Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. Environ Syst Res (2017) 6: 1 DOI 10.1186/s40068-016-0078x.
[5] Setegn, Srinivasan R, and Dargahi B, 2008 The Open Hydrology Journal 2 49-62 Singh V P and Woolhiser D A 2002 Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 7 (4) 270-292.
[6] Betrie, G. B., Y. A. Mohammed, A. Van Griensven, and Srinivasan. (2011). Sediment yield modeling in the Blue Nile Basin using the SWAT model. Hydro. Earth science, 15, 807- 818.
[7] Clarke, R. T. 1994. Statistical Modeling in Hydrology, 412 p.
[8] Neitsch SL, Arnold JG, Kiniry JR, Williams JR., 2005 Soil and Water Assessment Tool, Theoretical Documentation: Version 2005. Temple, TX. USDA Agricultural Research Service and Texas A & M Black land Research Centre.
[9] Arnold, J. G, Moriasi, D. N, Gassman, P. W, Abbaspour, K. C, White, M. J, Srinivasan, R, et al. (2012). SWAT: Model Use, Calibration and Validation, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Vol. 55 (4): 1491-1508.
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[11] Huffman, R., Fangmeier, D., Elliot, W., Workman, S., & Schwab, G.: Infiltration and Runoff. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, 81-111, 2011.
[12] Wischmeier, W. H., and Smith, D. D.: “Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses.” Agriculture Handbook No. 537, USDA, Science and Education Administration, US Govt., Washington, DC, 1978).
[13] Abbaspour, K. C. (2014). SWAT-CUP 2012: SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programs-A User Manual.
[14] Krause, D. P. Boyle, and F. Base, (2005). Comparison of different efficiency criteria for hydrological model assessment Labrière, N.; Locatelli, B.; Laumonier, Y.; Freycon, V.; Bernoux, M. Soil erosion in the humid tropics: A systematic quantitative review. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2015, 203, 127–139.
[15] Gupta, H. V., S. Sorooshian, and P. O. Yapo. 1999. Status of automatic calibration for hydrologic models: Comparison with multilevel expert calibration. J. Hydrologic Eng. 4 (2): 135-143.
[16] Abbaspour, K., Johnson, A., and Genuchten. M. Th. (2007). Estimating Uncertain flow and transport parameters using a sequential uncertainty fitting procedure. Vadose Zone Journal 3 (4), 1340 – 1352.
[17] Damtew Fufa, (2015) Swat Based Hydrological Modelling of Katar Watershed, Lake Ziway Catchment, Ethiopia.
[18] Church, M. Bed material transport and the morphology of Alluvial River Channels. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2006, 34, 325–354.
[19] Singh G, Babu R, Narayan P, et al. (1992) Soil erosion rates in India [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 47: 97-99.
[20] Dulo Husen, Brook Abate. Estimation of Runoff and Sediment Yield Using SWAT Model: The Case of Katar watershed, Rift Valley Lake Basin of Ethiopia. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications. Vol. 8, No. 6, 2020, pp. 125-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20200806.11.
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  • APA Style

    Aman Bunta, Brook Abate. (2021). Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling of Meki River Watershed Using SWAT Model in Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(5), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12

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    ACS Style

    Aman Bunta; Brook Abate. Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling of Meki River Watershed Using SWAT Model in Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2021, 9(5), 155-166. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12

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    AMA Style

    Aman Bunta, Brook Abate. Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling of Meki River Watershed Using SWAT Model in Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia. Am J Civ Eng. 2021;9(5):155-166. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12,
      author = {Aman Bunta and Brook Abate},
      title = {Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling of Meki River Watershed Using SWAT Model in Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia},
      journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
      volume = {9},
      number = {5},
      pages = {155-166},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20210905.12},
      abstract = {Loss of soil fertility in agricultural lands and sedimentation in lakes of central rift valley of Ethiopia are major watershed problem threatening the agro economy in the area. To develop effective erosion control plans through implementing appropriate soil conservation practices, runoff and sediment yield in Meki watershed was estimated and analyzed using the SWAT model. The model showed the simulated mean annual surface runoff was 114.03mm and the mean annual streamflow was 9.41m3/s. Similarly, mean annual sediment load of 13.12 t/ha enters to Lake Ziway. The model was calibrated and validated on daily and monthly time step for flow and on monthly time step for sediment yield. The results of Nash Sutcliff Efficiency of 0.71 on daily and 0.89 on monthly time steps for streamflow and its value of 0.80 on monthly time step for sediment yield during calibration showed that there is a good match between measured and simulated data for both variables on daily basis and very good match on monthly basis. The potential erosion source areas were identified. Likewise, 51.34% of the watershed area was found to be potential erosion sources and priorized for erosion control plans.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling of Meki River Watershed Using SWAT Model in Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia
    AU  - Aman Bunta
    AU  - Brook Abate
    Y1  - 2021/10/28
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12
    T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
    SP  - 155
    EP  - 166
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8737
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20210905.12
    AB  - Loss of soil fertility in agricultural lands and sedimentation in lakes of central rift valley of Ethiopia are major watershed problem threatening the agro economy in the area. To develop effective erosion control plans through implementing appropriate soil conservation practices, runoff and sediment yield in Meki watershed was estimated and analyzed using the SWAT model. The model showed the simulated mean annual surface runoff was 114.03mm and the mean annual streamflow was 9.41m3/s. Similarly, mean annual sediment load of 13.12 t/ha enters to Lake Ziway. The model was calibrated and validated on daily and monthly time step for flow and on monthly time step for sediment yield. The results of Nash Sutcliff Efficiency of 0.71 on daily and 0.89 on monthly time steps for streamflow and its value of 0.80 on monthly time step for sediment yield during calibration showed that there is a good match between measured and simulated data for both variables on daily basis and very good match on monthly basis. The potential erosion source areas were identified. Likewise, 51.34% of the watershed area was found to be potential erosion sources and priorized for erosion control plans.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Wollega Institute of Technology, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia

  • Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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